Isaac Newton

Isaac Newton was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, natural philosopher, and alchemist who is widely recognized as one of the most influential scientists of all time and as a key figure in the scientific revolution. His book "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica", first published in 1687, laid the foundations for classical mechanics. In it, Newton described his three laws of motion, which describe the relationship between a body and the forces acting upon it, as well as his law of universal gravitation, which describes the force of gravity and how it affects objects in motion.

In addition to his work in physics, Newton made significant contributions to mathematics, particularly in the area of calculus. He independently developed the concepts of the derivative and the integral, and his work laid the foundation for modern calculus.

Newton also made important contributions to optics, and he is credited with the development of the reflecting telescope. He also made important discoveries in alchemy and theology, although these works were not as widely recognized or accepted as his scientific work during his lifetime.

Overall, Newton's work laid the foundation for much of modern science, and his laws of motion and law of universal gravitation are still considered to be some of the most important scientific discoveries of all time.

He died on 31 March 1727, he was 84 years old.