Ts'ai Lun | Inventor of paper

 Ts'ai Lun, also known as Cai Lun, was a Chinese official who is credited with the invention of paper around 105 AD during the Han Dynasty.

According to historical records, Ts'ai Lun was a court eunuch who presented the new invention to the emperor as a substitute for more expensive writing materials, such as bamboo and silk.

The process of making paper from plant fibers was already known in China, but Ts'ai Lun is said to have improved upon it by adding the use of rags and other materials, such as hemp and bark, to the pulp. He also improved the process of making the paper, including the use of a mold to create a more uniform sheet of paper. The invention of paper was a significant development in the history of human civilization, as it made writing and the dissemination of information much more efficient and accessible.

It's worth noting that there's no definitive or concrete proof of Ts'ai Lun's role as inventor, and some Chinese scholars and historian proposed that the knowledge of paper making had been present in China for a long time before Cai Lun and his contribution had been exagerated.

The process of paper making was kept a closely guarded secret by the Chinese for several centuries, but it eventually spread to other parts of the world through trade and the movement of people. The Islamic world learned of papermaking from Chinese prisoners-of-war, and by the 12th century, paper mills were in operation in Spain and Italy.

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Confucius | Chinese philosopher

 Confucius was a Chinese philosopher, teacher, and political figure who lived in the 5th century BCE. He is considered the founder of Confucianism, one of the major philosophical systems in China. Confucius's teachings focused on the idea of ren, which translates to "humaneness" or "benevolence," and he believed that this quality was the foundation of personal and social ethics. He taught that by cultivating ren in oneself and in others, one could create a harmonious and well-ordered society.

Confucius's teachings emphasized the importance of education, the practice of ritual and ceremony, and the cultivation of virtues such as filial piety (respect for one's parents and elders), integrity, and sincerity. He believed that good governance was based on the ruler setting a moral example for the people to follow, and that a society in which people were kind and respectful to one another would be a stable and prosperous one.

Confucius's ideas were eventually developed into a system of thought known as Confucianism, which became the dominant philosophy in China for more than 2,000 years. Confucianism has had a profound impact on Chinese culture, shaping the way that people think and live, and influencing other cultures in East Asia.

Confucianism is quite complex and it's an important part of Chinese culture

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Buddha | Spiritual Teacher and founder of Buddhism

 Buddha is a title given to the founder of Buddhism, Siddhartha Gautama. He is also known as the "Awakened One" or the "Enlightened One." Gautama lived in ancient India in the 5th century BCE and is considered one of the most important figures in the development of Buddhism.

According to traditional accounts, he was born a prince but left his royal life to live as a wandering ascetic. After many years of spiritual practice, he attained enlightenment and began teaching others about the path to liberation from suffering. His teachings and the monastic order that he established form the foundation of Buddhism.

Buddhism is a religion and philosophy that originated in ancient India and is based on the teachings of Buddha. It is a non-theistic faith, meaning that it does not believe in a creator deity or God.

The central doctrine of Buddhism is the Four Noble Truths, which teaches that suffering is an inherent part of existence, but that it can be overcome through the Eightfold Path, a set of ethical and mental principles that lead to the elimination of suffering and the attainment of enlightenment. Today, Buddhism is one of the world's largest religions, with a global following that includes both monastic and lay practitioners.

Buddha, also known as Siddhartha Gautama, was an ancient Indian prince who lived around the 5th century BCE. He is considered the founder of Buddhism, one of the major world religions. According to tradition, Siddhartha was born into a royal family and led a luxurious life in the palace, but was deeply moved by the suffering he saw outside its walls. He renounced his privileged life and set out to find a way to end human suffering. After many years of meditation and spiritual practice, he attained enlightenment and became known as the Buddha, which means "the awakened one."

Buddha taught that suffering is caused by desire and attachment, and that the path to freedom from suffering is through the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path. The Four Noble Truths are the recognition that suffering exists, that it has a cause, that it can be overcome, and that the way to overcome it is through the Eightfold Path. The Eightfold Path consists of right understanding, right intention, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, and right concentration.

Buddha's teachings have been passed down through the centuries, and Buddhism has spread across the world. Today, there are many different sects and schools of Buddhism, each with its own unique beliefs and practices, but all based on the teachings of the Buddha.

Buddhism is a rich and complex philosophy and religion with many facets, if you want know more about any specific aspect, feel free to ask

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Isaac Newton

Isaac Newton was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, natural philosopher, and alchemist who is widely recognized as one of the most influential scientists of all time and as a key figure in the scientific revolution. His book "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica", first published in 1687, laid the foundations for classical mechanics. In it, Newton described his three laws of motion, which describe the relationship between a body and the forces acting upon it, as well as his law of universal gravitation, which describes the force of gravity and how it affects objects in motion.

In addition to his work in physics, Newton made significant contributions to mathematics, particularly in the area of calculus. He independently developed the concepts of the derivative and the integral, and his work laid the foundation for modern calculus.

Newton also made important contributions to optics, and he is credited with the development of the reflecting telescope. He also made important discoveries in alchemy and theology, although these works were not as widely recognized or accepted as his scientific work during his lifetime.

Overall, Newton's work laid the foundation for much of modern science, and his laws of motion and law of universal gravitation are still considered to be some of the most important scientific discoveries of all time.

He died on 31 March 1727, he was 84 years old.

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