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Ts'ai Lun, also known as Cai Lun, was a Chinese official who is credited with the invention of paper around 105 AD during the Han Dynasty. According to historical records, Ts'ai Lun was a court eunuch who presented the new invention...
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Tuesday, 5 April 2022
Maryland: An international team of geneticists, after nearly twenty years of effort, has finally completed 100% mapping of the human genes. Which, of course, made the video an overnight sensation.
It should be noted that the global "Human Genome Project" was started in 1990 under which a draft map of the human genome was presented in June 2000.
By April 2003, when the project was completed, mapping of about 92 parts of the human genome had been completed. That is, 8% was still left, which was very difficult for experts to read.
These parts of the human genome are called "heterochromatic" which are located on the edges (telomeres) of chromosomes and in the middle (centromers).
The heterochromatic part of the human genome has a lot of repetition of the same "DNA" which made it extremely difficult to read.
Meanwhile, in 2001, various research institutes launched a new global project called "Telomere to Telomere Consortium" (T2T Consortium), which aims to move every human chromosome from one telomere to the other. "Complete" (ie, including telomeres and centromeres) and was to be read with complete accuracy. The technologies of genetic sequencing and gene mapping have become more and more advanced. And this work continued slowly.
Now, in the latest issue of the research journal "Science", the T2T Consortium has presented a 100% complete and accurate map of the human genome, which is available online for free to the whole world.
According to the details, this new and "most complete" human genome has been given the technical name of T2T-CHM13 while it also has the status of reference for future research on the human genome.
It includes a complete sequencing and mapping of 3.5 billion DNA base pairs, with no gaps or gaps between them.
While completing this new map of the human genome, scientists have also discovered another 200 million (200 million) basic pairs of DNA that we did not know about before.
99 new genes have been discovered in these 200 million basic pairs that contain clear instructions (codes) for making proteins.
In addition, about 2,000 more "candidate genes" have emerged in the same section, which need further research to make a final decision.
Not only that, but the new mapping of the human genome has also corrected the errors that were present in the previous maps.
Experts from the T2T consortium say this complete map of the human genome is the first step in a major research journey.
In the next phase, by mapping the genomes of 350 people belonging to different races, a comprehensive reference map of the genome will be compiled which will represent the whole of humanity, not just one individual or race.
Complete and error-free mapping of the human genome will not be of immediate benefit, but all of this information will be useful in the future for better genetic diagnosis and treatment of many diseases.
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